The Sketch Book Diaries: 100 Plein Airs Project

The Red Cup Washington Island Plein Air 10#

2011-10-10T07:07:00.000-07:00

Virginia Beach 15th St Pier Plein Air 9#

2011-10-10T07:06:00.000-07:00

Azalea Garden Plein Air Norfolk 8#

2011-10-10T07:05:00.000-07:00

Norfolk Southern Rail Drawbridge 7#

2011-10-10T07:01:00.000-07:00

100 Plein Airs - 6#

2011-04-14T11:38:00.001-07:00

Old farm house on Muddy Creek Rd in Pungo. Oil on Masonite, 9x12.

100 Plein Airs - 5#

2011-04-07T07:14:00.001-07:00

After struggling against the cold and wind, I did have a great location on the bridge and the view was good. Pungo in Virginia Beach on the Blackwater bridge, oil on 9x12 canvas board. Only 95 more paintings to go!

100 Plein Airs - 4#

2011-04-06T05:43:00.001-07:00

I took a trip over to Pungo, in south eastern Virginia Beach beyond the green line, for those that remembered what that was supposed to be. Munden's was a general store back in the hey day, now it looks like it's on it's last leg, the porch was covered with orange plastic which I didn't add, mostly to preserve the dignity of this landmark. Munden's off of Princess Anne Rd, 9x12 oil on canvas board.

100 Plein Airs - 3#

2011-04-06T05:30:00.001-07:00

My 3rd plein air of 2011 at Mount Trashmore on the lakeside in Virginia Beach. Oil on masonite 11x14, somewhat windy that day.

100 Plein Airs - 2#

2011-04-05T20:45:00.000-07:00

Second plein air painting of this year. I loved seeing this car and I knew I had to paint it. "Blue Bel Air" oil on cavas board, 9x12 inches. Painted this February 24th, somewhere in western Virginia Beach on the edge of a trailer park near Shore Dr.

100 Plein Airs - 1#

2011-04-04T21:44:00.001-07:00

So I read in a magazine that to really understand how to paint outside, en plein air, one should do about 100 paintings. I'm thinking that's some damn good advice. So I'm going to post my plein air paintings that I've done this year so far. I could start my count from 2009, when I began painting outside, but what's the point? The paintings are old and don't count really. I'll still write my thoughts about painting here as I progress in general, but this sounds like a good way to keep on a steady learning track.
And so with that said, here's my first plein air of 2011. "Imperial Gallery" off of Virginia Beach Blvd. It's an old gallery behind a gun shop. It was painted in February 18th, 2011.

Finding time to paint....

2011-03-27T19:13:00.001-07:00

If you can't find time to paint, you find time to prepare. That way, you are not left staring at a blank canvas wondering what to do. When I am ready to paint, I know exactly what my subject will be. The small sections of time that I have available is spent planning my next paintings. Sometimes it's sketching ideas out. Other times it's priming my Masonite boards with gesso or a color tone. My point is, time can be found and made use of so that when you are ready to paint, it's spent doing just that. Prepare here and there with the small minutes, paint when you have a couple of hours.

My Paints

2011-03-25T08:46:00.000-07:00

The paints on top are the ones I use most. The second row is colors I mix into the top row frequently. The third row are paints that I use here and there. If anyone wants a complete list, I'll be more than happy to oblige. After I shot this I found a cap to my Naples Yellow. They are notorious for breaking.

When is a Painting Done : pt.2

2011-03-19T21:30:00.001-07:00

Finishing a painting is a tough thing to do starting out. The only real way I was able to break out of the gridlock of incomplete paintings was figure drawing from life. Before I got back into figure drawing seriously, my paintings were far and few between. I had to struggle a lot to make decisions that would enable me to finish a painting. Once in the setting of an academic figure drawing group, I had the healthy environment to speed up my drawing. Make quick and permanent decision to go foward. Mostly, I had to trainwreck a hundred drawings, sketches and paintings to get one that was halfway successful. It's drive and determination that gets an artist through a train wreck to finish the art. I remind myself that writing this journal helps me understand how much harder I must work to achieve the goals I have set for myself in mastering painting. So many of my friends lose their passion for art. I hope I don't become like them and find my paintings for sale in some corner thrift shop years later.

Painting anything & everything builds your visual vocabulary

2011-03-18T20:42:00.001-07:00

I was once again humbled by nature. Outside today, I was painting some trees in blossom that only are a soft shade of white once a year for only a couple of days. It became quickly obvious to me that I have no spent enough time painting outside, especially trees. I floundered through most of it, with even a pivotal moment of doubt. Perseverance paid off, and I did make an ok painting. Everything I've read and learned about plein air painting helped me. I wanted to build the painting in the manner of several artists I admire, but due to limited time, I plopped paint down as fast as possible. While not a showcase art piece, I reaffirmed by knowledge that if I am to get good at this I must broaden my visual knowledge. In some ways it pIein air is an open dictionary with plenty of words I must learn before I can make complete sentences. "Trees" is something I need to master when it comes to painting. I learned that faking still water on a windy day is necessary too.

Finishing a Painting.

2011-03-17T21:29:00.001-07:00

What happens when the painting is done? I can't speak for anyone but myself. There is the sense of accomplishment followed by the immediate need to have feedback from others. It's always curious to see how others respond to the work. Was the color good? Did the composition make sense? Does it resonate with people? Or was the work really lackluster? Most of all of, did I gain knowledge from the creation process? On occasion, some paintings leave me feeling that I have failed. Those are the ones that sting. The question turns to should I then destroy it? Or salvage the canvas / masonite with gesso and start anew? Tonight, I destroyed my Easton Plein Air 2 hour paint off entry, from last year. Sanded it down, gessoed it and got it ready to make a new painting tomorrow. I have some more to discuss, but I'm falling asleep while typing this.

The Actual Effects of Squinting

2011-03-15T20:51:00.001-07:00

So I've been reading and a lot of advice is to squint while observing your subject to simplify what you are looking at. I'm also wondering if that also improves the effect of depth of field by your eye lashes deflecting light and causing color to fade more in distant objects. If our eye lashes causes light to become more diffused, why is it that objects closer to us retain more color and objects further away lose the intensity of color the further away it gets? I know that squinting can also help decide what edges can be softened and which ones need to stay crisp. Upon further reflection how does distance work out when it is night time and we are trying to gauge distance? With city light, I can only imagine that distance is indicated through mixing of complimentary colors to get warm and cool tones without using a Paynes Gray or White.

Speed Painting Landscapes Reconsidered

2011-03-14T07:28:00.001-07:00

This past fall, I had experimented with speed painting outside. 30 to 35 min. of painting with reckless abandonment. It was very frustrating, mostly because I was probably using a full palette of color. I plan to revisit the speed painting outside but with a single color of burnt umber. It's undeniable that the faster and more economical brush strokes prevent one from second guessing each step. This is one of the reasons I have made limited use of digital painting as of late. The temptation of "cmd Z" and layers invites a plethora of indecisions. Of which, once mistakes are undone, they are quickly forgotten. I'll post some in the coming days.

Another Great Book I'm currently reading

2011-03-13T16:58:00.001-07:00

I happen to stumble upon this book at Barnes & Nobles last week and remembered reading a review from Nathan Fowkes, (another artist I greatly admire). This book is about how "SEE" color and light. I'm not sure I would have fully appreciated this if I had not already read "Alla Prima" by Richard Schmid. It's definitely on my list of things to buy soon. It goes for about $25 which is a steal for the in depth insight Gurney gives on the subject. I have a model shoot coming up and a new light kit I'm using. So, I will be thinking about the tips mentioned in this book and hope to make good use of the knowledge gained during the shoot. Main lesson I've focused on today is observing how shadows fall on surfaces from various light sources. Plus, how reflections and color are affecting the surface area.

Inspiration...

2011-03-13T05:28:00.001-07:00

For just a little bit of clarification for the this blog going forward, I wanted something to document my learning and process as I develop my skills as a painter. It's taken a long time to establish my goals and the obstacles to overcome to achieve them. By logging my learning experiences, I hope to stay on a steady path of development. As an artist, I'm always finding things that I would like to do and sometimes that deters me from my main goals, or even takes me completely off my path. My main purpose for writing this down in a daily blog is so that I get in the habit of keeping on target to becoming the best possible painter that I can hope to achieve. Someone is always telling me, "Doug, your so talented!". Man, I wish they could see all the hard work I've put in to get me this far. Honestly, I don't believe in talent, well in most cases. I believe in hard work, I don't believe that someone, just anyone, can pick up a paint brush and instantly whip out a painting that is on par with John Singer Sargent. It just doesn't happen. What's really behind a good artist is years of hard dedicated work to understand color, form and most of all the actual ability to "see". I can't say that I have mastered the ability to "see", but I can tell you the book that I read that opened the visual world of color before me. "Alla Prima" Every Thing I Know About Painting by Richard Schmid. The best book I have yet to read that is written about painting. There are other books that I really good, but this is the book that clarified so many things out there for me. It also broke down some barriers for me as well. I learned that 'Landscapes' are not easy, in fact they are really difficult to capture, especially when you are outdoors painting. "Alla Prima" opened doors for me to try different subjects. A friend loaned me his book, and I read it from cover to cover twice. I kept it for almost a year. Finally, out of guilt, I returned it. To my relief, he had completely forgotten about it and told me I should have kept it. I didn't and I told him the best thing he can do is read it and not look at it for the paintings alone. The words in this book have stayed with me, well some of them. So yesterday, my favorite book came in the mail. It's out of print from what I've read, but you can buy it online, there are plenty out there, I found mine on Amazon for just under $70 bucks and it was worth every penny.

Going Forward.....

2011-03-12T12:48:00.000-08:00

This blog will be recordng my thoughts and ideas as I develop and grow as a painter.

2 hours of drawing and all I got is this lousy sketch.

2010-02-09T18:51:00.001-08:00

Finally got a good shot of "Harry's End".

2010-01-15T12:11:00.001-08:00

Finally got a good shot of "Harry's End".
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Last night's 3hr figure painting

2009-12-02T22:24:00.000-08:00

Old painting

2009-11-30T15:19:00.000-08:00

Made it back to the Norfolk Drawing Group!

2009-11-25T16:00:00.000-08:00

Small update

2009-11-23T21:39:00.001-08:00

Night Train Progress

2009-11-21T22:15:00.000-08:00

Crash, Bang Pow!

2009-11-16T21:24:00.000-08:00

Harry's End - iPhone poorman's photo

2009-11-14T23:31:00.000-08:00

Painting update

2009-11-08T19:49:00.000-08:00

My first pallette knife painting

2009-11-05T21:16:00.000-08:00

Caking on the paint with a pallette knife

2009-11-05T16:34:00.000-08:00

Update on "Harry's End"

2009-11-03T20:58:00.000-08:00

Harry's End

2009-10-30T12:01:00.001-07:00

Harry's End
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Pencil sketch before I start laying down the paint.

Done

2009-10-28T20:39:00.000-07:00

I'm slower than a politician passing health reform bills!

2009-10-26T22:07:00.000-07:00

Sold one after all!

2009-10-25T10:32:00.000-07:00

So it turns out the Summit award the painting got is a purchase award, which means it SOLD! Nice to know I didn't go home broke after all!

Second Plien Air, "Zedd's Dead, Baby".

2009-10-24T00:33:00.001-07:00

Second Plien Air, "Zedd's Dead, Baby".
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Glad I stuck it out and finally settled on this scene, it was fun
except watching the meter maid running up and down the street looking
to give me a parking ticket. My stink eye kept him moving along, I
think. This will be in Saturday night's Art show hopefully as well.

My first plein air finished!

2009-10-24T00:20:00.001-07:00

Well, I finally got to add the train that first passed by as I was setting up my easel. I swear, it was one of those moments I wish I could have painted faster, but I knew that train was going to pass me by before I even got the paint down to the palette. I was right, but was presently surprised that quite a few trains passed by that day. I hope this sells tomorrow! Btw if you happened to be in downtown Norfolk, there is the show tomorrow night which this will hopefully be in hanging on a wall somewhere. 6pm at the Monticello Arcade, cost is $10 I think.

First Day of Norfolk Plein Air Paint Out

2009-10-22T18:24:00.001-07:00

I have to say, this was really fun, even though I only got half a day. Train yards and those areas seems have more interesting people. I'm not sure any of the other artists painting today were in my locale, probably not. A lot of people that past by wanted to stop and look to make sure I was actually painting. One guy in particular past by several times and then stopped and told me that everyone in the alley thought I was a cop. I guess that makes sense, because nobody in their right mind would come and stop on the side of the road to paint train tracks. Particularly in this section of Norfolk. Well, this show is going to see a different side of Norfolk from me. Besides, someone's got to balance out a show with industrial landscapes, right? Oh, and this is my first ever on scene plein air painting. Not too shabby of a start, but I still need to tweak it some.

Update on Painting

2009-10-22T09:57:00.000-07:00

Preparing my Masonite for Tomorrow

2009-10-21T19:23:00.000-07:00

Update on Logging Road painting

2009-10-20T05:06:00.000-07:00

I'll be painting Norfolk Thursday & Friday!

2009-10-19T19:41:00.000-07:00

So at the very last minute, I decided to throw my hat into the "Out & About" Norfolk Plein Air Artist painting event. "What is Plein Air?", you say? It's when artists go outside and paint what ever happens to be standing in front of them. I hope I can find a good spot to get a Norfolk Southern train or something to that aspect. May try to see if I can get something else in that represents Norfolk's seedy side. Doumar's is a possibility, but that will have to be at night, which may prove to be a challenge. Hopefully the weather will be ok, mostly that the rain stays away. So, after I have hung around and hopefully painted something of worth, it will be for sale on Saturday. I can only sell two at the event, but I hope to paint more than that, but we'll see.

Done for the night

2009-10-16T20:38:00.000-07:00

What I'm working on right now!

2009-10-16T16:37:00.000-07:00

Good Shot FINALLY of San Francisco Street

2009-10-15T18:49:00.001-07:00

Good Shot FINALLY of San Francisco Street
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Now all I have to do is think on what to actually name this.

San Francisco Street Painting (Still not the best photo)

2009-10-12T20:16:00.001-07:00

I think I need to build me an area to shoot properly. I've been getting away for so long shooting under cloudy skies. Indoors is nearly impossible! When this goes up on Ebay, I'll have a proper photo.

Nearly done!

2009-10-11T07:22:00.000-07:00

Painting Update

2009-10-09T20:09:00.000-07:00

San Francisco Street Progress

2009-10-05T21:29:00.000-07:00

Vampire Sketch

2009-10-05T18:03:00.001-07:00

I had to do a sketch of a vampire over the weekend. Though it was for
a client, it was really fun to do. I started on a Bela Lugosi sketch
that I might post eventually finish before Halloween.

Featured on Artistic Anatomy!

2009-09-30T15:59:00.001-07:00

Stoked to find out I was featured yesterday on Artistic Anatomy!
http://www.artisticanatomyblog.com/?p=2248

Train sketch in pen

2009-09-29T05:52:00.000-07:00

Someone asked for a Dinosaur

2009-09-21T16:20:00.000-07:00

AltDaily's Friday's Featured Artist!

2009-09-18T09:49:00.001-07:00

Well I'm stoked to find out that I am AltDaily's Friday Featured
Artist. They are showcasing my mini graphic novel, "Cadillac Girl".
Check it out! For those that may not know of AltDaily, it's an
awesome online magazine for the Hampton Roads area. They cover all
things great about the 757 area. Hannah Serrano is one of the
founders and works tirelessly to cover and expose great talents. I'm
fortunate enough to consider her a friend too. "Cadillac Girl" is a
short graphic pulp fiction story that I wrote and illustrated. Check
it out!

Read the feature!
http://altdaily.com

Read the entire story here:
http://www.liquidmethod.com/pulpfiction/cadillacgirl/

SF street painting progress

2009-09-18T09:31:00.001-07:00

Two Different Sketches Painted

2009-09-11T20:52:00.001-07:00

Two Different Sketches Painted
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

I got a little chicken shit with coloring the nude. Sue me....

Two Different Sketches

2009-09-11T20:51:00.001-07:00

Two Different Sketches
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

I'm desparate to eek something out. I'm just drawing myself out of a funk.

A PrePlanned Exit Sketch

2009-09-08T20:27:00.001-07:00

Just another pulp fiction style art sketch that I have been toying
around with. If I can get this to where I want it, I may end up
painting it on masonite in oil. Still a lot of things to work out
though. I love being able to set up up a scene and make it to where
your mind can come up with your own back story to it.

3 hour painting pose

2009-09-02T04:21:00.000-07:00

The nose was incredibly hard to get. Foreshortening nightmare to say the least!

The man with the broken collar bone

2009-09-01T20:33:00.001-07:00

Stage Two of San Francisco Street

2009-08-31T20:17:00.001-07:00

I really think I need another name for this painting. Maybe "Dodge
Charger at Donut World"? Feeling under the weather and it hurts to
talk now. Good thing colds don't make your hands stiff & brittle when
painting!

New painting of San Francisco street

2009-08-30T21:38:00.001-07:00

Chula Vista Back Road

2009-08-29T21:51:00.001-07:00

Well, I've tried a different track with my painting style. It's ok,
not exactly comfortable with it, so I'll take what I've learned from
this and move on. Will be posting this to Ebay tomorrow night up for
bid.

Just a quick iPhone sketch

2009-08-28T20:35:00.001-07:00

Was bored, stuck in line for awhile. Brushes App for the iPhone keeps
me entertained.

Royler Gracie Illo Update

2009-08-26T21:37:00.001-07:00

So I've been working on this illustration for a year. The bad part is
Helio passed a few months, so I'm left with how to rethink this
illustration. Oh, and let's not forget I had to salvage this from my
small post on flickr, otherwise I would have lost the entire image
when an electrical surge took out my mac. I think I have a good
solution now. I'm gonna step away from this tonight and sit on it
till tomorrow morning. Then I'll see what needs what.

One bad ass hardboiled graphic novel

2009-08-24T10:24:00.001-07:00

Chula Vista Background

2009-08-21T20:42:00.001-07:00

Chula Vista progress

2009-08-21T14:03:00.001-07:00

Chula Vista backroad progress

2009-08-21T11:54:00.000-07:00

Chula Vista Back Road

2009-08-20T22:23:00.001-07:00

San Diego

2009-08-19T19:15:00.001-07:00

San Diego
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Here's a small oil painting I did based from a photo I took during a drive in San Diego. Can't remember the name, but does Balboa Park sound close?

San Francisco Street Trolley Painting - Finished

2009-08-18T20:46:00.001-07:00

San Francisco Street Trolley Painting - Finished
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Finished painting that was based from a photo I took when in San Francisco. Oil on Canvas. I'm getting more confident of started with a blank canvas and drawing my guides with just a couple strokes.

Snow Landscape

2009-08-18T20:45:00.001-07:00

Snow Landscape
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Did this painting for a good friend. It was massive, 5ft x3.5ft! I had to stretch the canvas myself with thick stretcher bars.

Proof that I've been Painting!

2009-08-17T21:07:00.000-07:00

Female Nude#2 Oil Painting Alla Prima For Sale

2009-08-16T20:44:00.000-07:00

Female Nude#2 Oil Painting Alla Prima by Doug Clarke $150.00 USD

This Original Oil Painting is an Alla Prima. Painted from a live 3 hour single figure pose session. The model was awesome and did a great job of resuming to the standing pose after her breaks. The painting is on professional Ampersand masonite and is ready to hang or frame. Measurements are 9 wide by 12 high.

Figure Painting #1 for sale

2009-08-09T17:41:00.001-07:00

Figure Painting #1 for sale
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

Just posted this up for bid on ebay. Check it out!

http://tinyurl.com/novwmp

Slightly better photo from tonight's figure painting session.

2009-08-04T21:50:00.000-07:00

3 Hour Painted Pose Alla Prima

2009-08-04T20:05:00.000-07:00

So. Cal Minature Study

2009-08-02T21:22:00.001-07:00

Painted this 4x4 as a study from a photo I took during a road trip to
Los Angeles. Tried to paint with mostly muted colors, except the 76
gas station sign. I wish I had taken more time to stop and actually
get good photos during then. But I was rushing to get to the last day
of a Glenn Barr gallery showing at the Billy Shire Fine Arts gallery.
I barely made it with only an hour to spare! Since this only serves
as a study, if you want to buy this let me know. I'll accept just
about anything for it.

WitchduckTrainCrossing-BEFORE

2009-08-01T21:20:00.001-07:00

WitchduckTrainCrossing-BEFORE
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

I shot this the other night. I wish I could have gotten a train in it as it used to pass through every night. I missed the sound of the train. But alas, those days are gone.

WitchduckTrainCrossing-AFTER

2009-08-01T21:19:00.001-07:00

WitchduckTrainCrossing-AFTER
Originally uploaded by Liquidmethod.

So I comped this together to get a good reference to paint from. It came out surprisingly good. I'm excited to paint it when I get the chance. Two issues at hand, the train needs a Norfolk Southern Logo & the moon is in the northern sky. But only locals would take issue with this.

Here's Cole's Final SpaceShip Painting!

2009-07-30T21:42:00.001-07:00

Hard to believe he's already painting with a Wacom at 4!

My son does his first Painter IX work with a Wacom

2009-07-30T21:40:00.001-07:00

And he's only 4 years old! Craziness! I asked him what he was
painting and he said it was a space ship. He picked this up rather
quickly though he still needs help resizing his brushes.

A study of light.

2009-07-30T07:38:00.001-07:00

I've been ready a really good book on painting. Those of you who read
this blog and are artists, might know it. "Alla Prima, Everything I
Know About Painting" by Richard Schmid. It's out of print, but still
attainable... for a price. My friend Noah was nice enough to let me
borrow it. I have to say it's the best written book about painting
I've come across, ever. The painting you see is an orange slice. I
had the light behind it and was trying to capture the glow from with
in the orange. Needless to say, I failed miserably. But I'm going to
try at it again. I think painting from a dark surface is what got me
me hung up.

Figure drawing pt 2

2009-07-28T18:49:00.000-07:00

Tues night figure drawing 1st

2009-07-28T18:48:00.000-07:00

Really diggin' ZEE AVI, and I just missed her playing with Pete Yorn in Norfolk!

2009-07-23T10:41:00.001-07:00

Great sketchbook to have

2009-07-23T08:30:00.000-07:00

Best drawing from last nights figure drawing session.

2009-07-22T20:40:00.001-07:00

Dark Clouds. Big Painting Continued

2009-07-18T21:47:00.001-07:00

Miniature Digital Landscape

2009-07-17T21:27:00.001-07:00

Just so you know, you are not going blind. There is nothing going
wrong with the picture above. I decided to paint small to really
focus on color. I'm really having fun working on my large landscape,
but I really needed to take a small break so that I can come back to
it refreshed. I took a great photo today and wanted to try a very
small digital painting with it. There is more to discover with color
than just drawing. It's another exercise than drawing in the
Moleskines with an ink pen. This is a picture of a field today after
a storm and the sky and landscape was just screaming with color. I
know now why some plein air artists paint in the late afternoon or
earlier morning. I had a friend ask me why I paint like this
sometimes on my computer, well, it's so I don't get lost in the
details. For me, it's been a long time to learn not to dive into
details, but I'm slowly learning to restrain myself.

Norfolk's Backside. Barren and Naked.

2009-07-16T10:42:00.000-07:00

Norfolk is like the skanky chick you knew in high school, but is now
trying to upscale her image. If you happen to walk on Main st. and
see the fences near Granby st. You'll see Norfolk's backside. It's
kind of like seeing the city with it's ass hanging out of her
underwear. Yup, she still has some slum still left in her. Every now
and then, she slips and drops a couple of F bombs like a drunken
sailor on a weekend pass.

Close up of giant crane

2009-07-16T09:47:00.000-07:00

Notes to work by

2009-07-13T10:16:00.000-07:00

Crane Painting pt.2

2009-07-12T14:23:00.000-07:00

Giant crane painting pt.1

2009-07-12T14:17:00.001-07:00

Behold the Monster Crane!

2009-07-11T18:34:00.001-07:00

This guy was massive! I couldn't even fit him in one shot, hence why
you see him sliced together and is looking off color. I think this
crane pile drives a sewage pipe into the ground and then they couple
it up somehow. Don't look to me, I only worked in construction for
two weeks digging ditches. Ha! It's a stereotype, but I lived the
life of a ditch digger. Well, if I find it in the same spot, I will
try to add color tomorrow, we'll see.

Massive crane

2009-07-11T10:58:00.000-07:00